Description
🧬 Thiamine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) — the only vitamin that is essential in MS medium and all major TC media. A cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase — central to energy metabolism.
| 🧪 CAS | 67-03-8 | ⚖️ MW | 337.27 g/mol |
| 🔬 Grade | TC / Biochemical | 🌡️ Storage | 4 °C, protected from light |
💡 Why thiamine cannot be skipped
Dedifferentiated plant cells (callus) lose the ability to synthesise sufficient thiamine — they become auxotrophic for it. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP, the active form) is essential for: pyruvate dehydrogenase (glycolysis→TCA entry), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle), and transketolase (pentose phosphate pathway for nucleotide biosynthesis). Without exogenous thiamine, callus growth fails within 2–3 subcultures.
🔬 Working concentration
Standard MS inclusion: 0.1–1 mg/L. Linsmaier & Skoog (LS) medium and Gamborg B5 both use thiamine as one of only two essential vitamins (with myo-inositol). For high-density suspension culture or embryogenic callus, 1–5 mg/L may improve growth.
💡 Thiamine is light-sensitive — degraded by UV. Prepare stock solutions in foil-wrapped bottles and add to medium just before autoclaving (it is heat-stable at 121°C for 20 min).
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