Contamination is the cost every TC lab absorbs — but not equally. Labs that track it carefully find most events cluster around a small number of fixable causes. Here are the seven.

MS medium works for most species. WPM works better for some — specifically woody plants, highland species, and acid-adapted crops. Here’s how to decide which to use.

Setting up a TC lab in India is more accessible than most people assume — if you plan it right. Here’s an honest breakdown of what it costs, what you actually need, and where most new labs go wrong.